Bermuda Grass
Cynodon dactylon · Warm-season, Perennial, C4 grass
Grass Family
Poaceae, subfamily Chloridoideae, tribe Cynodonteae
Grass Category
Lawn/Turf Grass, Sports Turf, Erosion Control
Variety / Cultivar
Common Bermuda Grass
Hardiness Zones
USDA Hardiness Zones 7-10. Excellent heat tolerance; enters dormancy when soil temperatures drop below 50-55°F.
About This Grass
A low-growing, grey-green to dark green grass that forms a thick, carpet-like sod. It is highly resilient and fast-growing during summer months, turning brown/tan during winter dormancy. Inflorescence consists of 3-7 finger-like spikes (digitate) appearing at the top of stems.
Blade Characteristics
Fine to medium width (2-4mm), flat or slightly folded, with a distinctly pointed tip. Grey-green color, rolled or folded vernation. Ligule is a ring of short white hairs; auricles are absent. The leaf surface is often sparsely hairy.
Root System
Deep and extensive fibrous system punctuated by vigorous rhizomes. Produces significant thatch; very fast establishment and high wear recovery through lateral spreading.
Growing Information
Origin Region
Africa; widely naturalized in tropical, subtropical, and transition zones worldwide
Growth Habit
Highly aggressive; both rhizomatous (underground) and stoloniferous (above-ground), forming a dense, low mat
Sunlight & Water Needs
Full Sun (requires 6-8 hours minimum); poor shade tolerance. Low to moderate water needs once established; high drought tolerance due to deep roots. Prefers well-drained soil, pH 6.0-7.0.
Mowing & Maintenance
Ideal height 1.0 to 2.0 inches; requires frequent mowing (weekly). High fertilization needs (2-4 lbs N per 1000 sq ft annually). Requires periodic dethatching and aeration. High maintenance level for optimal appearance.
Special Characteristics
Exceptional traffic/wear tolerance; high salt tolerance; excellent drought recovery. Susceptible to Large Patch (Rhizoctonia) and Spring Dead Spot. Highly competitive against weeds when dense.
Ecological Information
Introduced species in North America; excellent for soil stabilization and erosion control. Can be invasive in gardens and non-turf areas. High water filtration quality in managed turf settings.